Which immunoglobulin is involved in allergic rhinitis type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?

In allergic rhinitis, which is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a crucial role. IgE is specifically associated with allergic responses and is responsible for mediating the body's reaction to allergens such as pollen, dust, or pet dander. When an allergen enters the body, it binds to IgE antibodies that are bound to mast cells and basophils, leading to the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators. This release results in symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion, all characterizing allergic rhinitis.

While other immunoglobulins like IgA, IgG, and IgM have important functions in the immune system—such as mucosal immunity, long-term immunity, and immediate response to infections respectively—they are not primarily involved in the mechanism of type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. The distinctive involvement of IgE in this process is fundamental to understanding allergic conditions and their management.