Which type of cellulitis is characterized by a streptococcal infection of the superficial layers of the skin?

Erysipelas is specifically characterized by a streptococcal infection affecting the superficial layers of the skin, particularly the epidermis and upper dermis. This condition typically presents with well-defined, raised, and red areas of skin, often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever and chills. The infection usually arises from a break in the skin barrier, allowing streptococci bacteria to enter and cause inflammation.

This distinction is important because erysipelas has a different presentation and depth of involvement compared to other types of cellulitis. For instance, necrotizing fasciitis, often referred to as "flesh-eating" disease, is a severe, rapidly progressing infection that affects deeper layers of tissue, including fascia, and can be caused by various organisms, not just streptococci. Periorbital cellulitis, while related, specifically affects the eyelid and surrounding regions, and is primarily associated with different pathogens. Understanding these nuances helps in accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of skin infections.